Arseam

International Journal of Education & Applied Sciences Research

BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONTAMINATED FRESH WATER USING BLUE -GREEN ALGAE (OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS)

Dr. Sylvia Onyinye Anyadoh-Nwadike, Mr. Joseph Egwu Inya, Miss Joyce Okoro, Mrs. Evangelina Odoemena Ohaeri, Mrs. Justina Ugochi Udensi

1 Dr. Sylvia Onyinye Anyadoh-Nwadike, 2 Mr. Joseph Egwu Inya, 3 Miss Joyce Okoro,

4 Mrs. Evangelina Odoemena Ohaeri, 5 Mrs. Justina Ugochi Udensi

1 Department of Biotechnology Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Postal Code: 460114 ORCID: 0000-0002-2133-8129

2 Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal University of Technology,

Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Postal Code: 460114 ORCID: 0000-0002-6334-210X

3 Department of Biotechnology Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Postal Code: 460114

4 Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal University of Technology,

Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Postal Code: 460114 ORCID: 0000-0002-9589-1648

5 Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Postal Code: 460114 ORCID: 0000-0002-5469-5210

DOI : https://doi.org/10.53882/IJEASR.2024.1102001 Page No : 01-14

Published Online : 2024-11-05

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Aim of the Study: The research work attempt to answer the question; Do blue-green alga (Oscillatoria princeps) remediate petroleum polluted water?

Design/Methodology: The experiment is comprised of four treatments: Control (contaminated water only), Treatment A (5ml of contaminated water + 100ml of algae), Treatment B (5ml of contaminated water + 200ml of algae), and Treatment C (5ml of contaminated water + 300ml of algae). The treatments were allowed for 30 days. Classical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to analysis the physiochemical parameters.

Findings: The result shows that the pH of treatments A, B, and C increased by 152.62%, 154.25%, and 169.0%, respectively, when compared with the control, thereby making it alkaline, with a significant reduction in nitrate by 26.69%, 28.37%, and 49.0% for treatments A, B, and C, respectively. Nitrite was reduced by 10.0% and above for respective treatments. Total nitrogen reduced by 15.79%, 26.32%, and 50% for treatments A, B, and C. Iron reduced by 55.37%, 67.58%, and 83.79% for treatments A, B, and C. Manganese reduced by 47.43% for treatment A, then increased significantly by 173.20% and 237.53% for B and C. indicating that the microalgae did not degrade it. Lead showed a significant reduction up to 80.0% with treatment C. Cadmium also showed significant reductions of >50% for all treatments.

Practical Implications: Based on one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to ensure Environmental sustainability, this study proves that a petroleum contaminated water body can be remediated using a biological agent (Oscillatoria princeps) thereby improving water quality using an environmental friendly approach.

Originality/value: This study presents a massive contribution to nature being among the few studies carried out to remediate polluted water using biological agent thereby posing several benefits such as sustaining aquatic lives as well as reducing greenhouse gas emission from petroleum polluted areas.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Blue-green algae, Petroleum product

REFERENCES

Al-Hussieny, A.A., Imran, S.I., & Jabu, Z.A. (2020). The Use of Local Blue-Green Algae in the Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Wastewater from Oil Refineries. Plant Archives. 20(2):797-802. Retrieved From: http://www.plantarchives.org/SPL%20ISSUE%2020-2/115__797-802_.pdf
Anno, F.D., Rastelli, E., Sansome, C., Brunet, C., Lanora, A., & Anno, A.D. (2021). Bacteria, Fungi and Microalgae for the Bioremediation of Marine Sediments Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Omics Era.Microorganisms.9 (8):1695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081695
Bouida, L., Rafatullah, M., Kerrouche, A., Qutob, M., Alosaimi, A.M., Alorfi, H.S., & Hussein, M.A. (2022). A review on cadmium and lead contamination: Sources, fate, mechanism, health effects and remediation methods. Water; 14(21):3432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213432
Chugh, M., Kumar, L., Shah, M. P., & Bharadvaja, N. (2022). Algal Bioremediation of heavy metals: An insight into removal mechanisms, recovery of by-products, challenges, and future opportunities. Energy Nexus. 7(100129):1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100129
Dauda, D.R., Duro, D.U., & IJah, J.J. (2016). Physicochemical and microbiological qualities of the abattoir wastewater in part of Minna Niger State. Advances in Life Science and Technology, 51, 7- 25. Retrieved From: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234687444.pdf
Deng, J., Fu, D., Hu, W., Lu, X., Wu, Y., & Bryan, H. (2020). Physiological responses and accumulation ability of Microcystis aeruginosa to zinc and cadmium: implications for bioremediation of heavy metal pollution. Bioresource Technology. 303(2020):1–11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122963
Farrington, J.W., & Takada, H. (2014). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics: Examples of the status, trend, and cycling of organic chemicals of environmental concern in the ocean. Oceanography.27 (1):196–213. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24862135
Haddaji, C., Chatoui, M., Khattabi, Rifi S., Ettaloui, Z., Digua, K., & Pala A. (2023). Performance of simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal from vegetable oil refining wastewater in an aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (OA-SBR) system by alternating the cycle times. Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag; 20:100827. Retrieved From: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221515322300051X
Ihejirika, C.E., Njoku-Tony, R.F., Ebe, T.E., Enwereuzoh, U.O., Izunobi, L.C., Asheigbu, D., & Verla, N. (2016) Anthropogenic Impact and Geoaccumulation of Heavy Metal Levels of Soils in Owerri, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 12(1): 1-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2016/19357
Iroha, I.R., Ude, I. U., Okoronkwo, C., Kenneth, O., Okafor, C.O.O., & Akuma, S. O. (2020). Comparative Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics, Metal Levels and Anion Contents of Water from Different Aquatic Environments in Ebonyi State. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 29(5):22834-22865. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004868
Leal, M.F.C., Catarino, R.I., Pimenta, A.M.,& Souto, M.R.S. (2023). The influence of the bimetals Cu, Fe, and Zn and the toxic metals Cd and Pb on human health and disease. Trace Elements and Electrolytes; 40(1):1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/TE500038
Lutosławski, K., Ryznar-Luty, A. & Cibis, E. (2024) Efficiency of aerobic biodegradation of sugar beet distillery stillage under dissolved oxygen tension-controlled conditions. PLoS ONE 19(7): e0306330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306330
Mondal, M., Halder, G., Oinam, G., Indrama, T., & Tiwari, O.N. (2019). Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants Using Microalgae. Elsevier, 2(1):223–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63504-4.00017-7
Muhammad, S.A., Magaji, M.B., & Idris, M.A. (2020). Assessment Of Physicochemical Parameters In Crude Oil Contaminated Water Samples Of Three Communities Of Ikpokpo, Atanba, And Okpele-Ama Of Gbaramatu Kingdom, Along The Escravos River In Warri South West Local Government Area Of Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research. 8(1):57-76. Retrieved From: https://eajournals.org/ijepr/vol-8-issue-1-february-2020/assessment-of-physicochemical-parameters-in-crude-oil-contaminated-water-samples-of-three-communities-of-ikpokpo-atanba-and-okpele-ama-of-gbaramatu-kingdom-along-the-escravos-river-in-warri-south-w/
Negi, S., Batoye, S., & Waraich, J.S. (2021). Environmental Pollution, Its Causes and Impact on Ecosystem. New Frontiers of Nan materials in Environmental Science.1(1):1-22.
Olafisoye, E.R., Sunmonu, L.A., Adagunodo, T.A., & Oladejo, O.P. (2013). Groundwater Contaminats’ Investigation at Aarada Waste Disposal Site Using Geophysical and Hydro-Physicochemical Approach. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT).2(4):1-10.
Ologunde, I.A., Kapingura, F.M., & Sibanda, K. (2020). Sustainable Development and Crude Oil Revenue: A Case of Selected Crude Oil-Producing African Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(18):6799. Retrieved From: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i18p6799-d415280.html
Onwuemeka, J.I., Eze, F.C., & Ndukwe, I.C. (2017). The study of chemically deposited ZnO thin films for possible device applications. IJISM, 5(3):100-110. Retrieved From: https://www.ijism.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJISM_655_Final.pdf
Sanusi, K.A., Hassan, M.S., Abbas, M.A., & Kura, A.M. (2017). Assessment of heavy metals contamination of soil and water around abandoned Pb-Zn mines in Yelu, Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 4 (5):72-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15739/irjpeh.17.010
Singh, A., Sharma, A., Verma, R. K., Chopade, R. L., Pandit, P. P.., Nagar, V., Vinay, A., Sumit, K. C., Garima, A., Kumud, K. A.S., & Sankhla, M. (2022). Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms. IntechOpen. 12(1):23-34.
Touliabah, H.E., El-Sheekh, M.M., Ismail, M.M., & El-Kassas, H. A. (2022). Review of Microalgae- and Cyan bacteria-Based Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Molecules. 27(3):1141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031141
Tukur, U. A., Hajj O.M. S., & Wang, M. (2017). Causes and consequences of crude oil pipeline vandalism in the Niger delta region of Nigeria: A confirmatory factor analysis approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1):1-6. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1353199
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2020). Country Analysis Executive Summary: Nigeria, Independent Statistics and Analysis. 1(2):1-10. Retrieved From: https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Nigeria/NigeriaCAXS_2020.pdf
Ukaogo, P.O., Ewuzie, U., & Onwuka, C. V. (2020).Environmental pollution: causes, effects, and the remedies. Elsevier. 1(1): 419-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00021-8
Ukwenya, J.U., Vantsawa, P.A., Dikwa, K.B., Effiong, T.E., Bitrus, S., Bello, O., Abdullahi, R., & Abdulkadir, J. (2023). Determination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals content of water samples from domestic and Kaduna River in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna state. Science World Journal. 18(2):315-119. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/arseam/Downloads/ajol-file-journals_413_articles_251774_64c150877dbed.pdf

Dr Sylvia O et. Al. (2024), “Bioremediation Of Petroleum Product Contaminated Fresh Water Using Blue -Green Algae (Oscillatoria Princeps)”, International Journal of Education & Applied Sciences Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, 2024, pp 01-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53882/IJEASR.2024.1102001

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REFERENCES

Al-Hussieny, A.A., Imran, S.I., & Jabu, Z.A. (2020). The Use of Local Blue-Green Algae in the Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Wastewater from Oil Refineries. Plant Archives. 20(2):797-802. Retrieved From: http://www.plantarchives.org/SPL%20ISSUE%2020-2/115__797-802_.pdf
Anno, F.D., Rastelli, E., Sansome, C., Brunet, C., Lanora, A., & Anno, A.D. (2021). Bacteria, Fungi and Microalgae for the Bioremediation of Marine Sediments Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Omics Era.Microorganisms.9 (8):1695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081695
Bouida, L., Rafatullah, M., Kerrouche, A., Qutob, M., Alosaimi, A.M., Alorfi, H.S., & Hussein, M.A. (2022). A review on cadmium and lead contamination: Sources, fate, mechanism, health effects and remediation methods. Water; 14(21):3432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213432
Chugh, M., Kumar, L., Shah, M. P., & Bharadvaja, N. (2022). Algal Bioremediation of heavy metals: An insight into removal mechanisms, recovery of by-products, challenges, and future opportunities. Energy Nexus. 7(100129):1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100129
Dauda, D.R., Duro, D.U., & IJah, J.J. (2016). Physicochemical and microbiological qualities of the abattoir wastewater in part of Minna Niger State. Advances in Life Science and Technology, 51, 7- 25. Retrieved From: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234687444.pdf
Deng, J., Fu, D., Hu, W., Lu, X., Wu, Y., & Bryan, H. (2020). Physiological responses and accumulation ability of Microcystis aeruginosa to zinc and cadmium: implications for bioremediation of heavy metal pollution. Bioresource Technology. 303(2020):1–11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122963
Farrington, J.W., & Takada, H. (2014). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics: Examples of the status, trend, and cycling of organic chemicals of environmental concern in the ocean. Oceanography.27 (1):196–213. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24862135
Haddaji, C., Chatoui, M., Khattabi, Rifi S., Ettaloui, Z., Digua, K., & Pala A. (2023). Performance of simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal from vegetable oil refining wastewater in an aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (OA-SBR) system by alternating the cycle times. Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag; 20:100827. Retrieved From: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221515322300051X
Ihejirika, C.E., Njoku-Tony, R.F., Ebe, T.E., Enwereuzoh, U.O., Izunobi, L.C., Asheigbu, D., & Verla, N. (2016) Anthropogenic Impact and Geoaccumulation of Heavy Metal Levels of Soils in Owerri, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 12(1): 1-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2016/19357
Iroha, I.R., Ude, I. U., Okoronkwo, C., Kenneth, O., Okafor, C.O.O., & Akuma, S. O. (2020). Comparative Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics, Metal Levels and Anion Contents of Water from Different Aquatic Environments in Ebonyi State. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 29(5):22834-22865. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004868
Leal, M.F.C., Catarino, R.I., Pimenta, A.M.,& Souto, M.R.S. (2023). The influence of the bimetals Cu, Fe, and Zn and the toxic metals Cd and Pb on human health and disease. Trace Elements and Electrolytes; 40(1):1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/TE500038
Lutosławski, K., Ryznar-Luty, A. & Cibis, E. (2024) Efficiency of aerobic biodegradation of sugar beet distillery stillage under dissolved oxygen tension-controlled conditions. PLoS ONE 19(7): e0306330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306330
Mondal, M., Halder, G., Oinam, G., Indrama, T., & Tiwari, O.N. (2019). Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants Using Microalgae. Elsevier, 2(1):223–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63504-4.00017-7
Muhammad, S.A., Magaji, M.B., & Idris, M.A. (2020). Assessment Of Physicochemical Parameters In Crude Oil Contaminated Water Samples Of Three Communities Of Ikpokpo, Atanba, And Okpele-Ama Of Gbaramatu Kingdom, Along The Escravos River In Warri South West Local Government Area Of Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research. 8(1):57-76. Retrieved From: https://eajournals.org/ijepr/vol-8-issue-1-february-2020/assessment-of-physicochemical-parameters-in-crude-oil-contaminated-water-samples-of-three-communities-of-ikpokpo-atanba-and-okpele-ama-of-gbaramatu-kingdom-along-the-escravos-river-in-warri-south-w/
Negi, S., Batoye, S., & Waraich, J.S. (2021). Environmental Pollution, Its Causes and Impact on Ecosystem. New Frontiers of Nan materials in Environmental Science.1(1):1-22.
Olafisoye, E.R., Sunmonu, L.A., Adagunodo, T.A., & Oladejo, O.P. (2013). Groundwater Contaminats’ Investigation at Aarada Waste Disposal Site Using Geophysical and Hydro-Physicochemical Approach. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT).2(4):1-10.
Ologunde, I.A., Kapingura, F.M., & Sibanda, K. (2020). Sustainable Development and Crude Oil Revenue: A Case of Selected Crude Oil-Producing African Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(18):6799. Retrieved From: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i18p6799-d415280.html
Onwuemeka, J.I., Eze, F.C., & Ndukwe, I.C. (2017). The study of chemically deposited ZnO thin films for possible device applications. IJISM, 5(3):100-110. Retrieved From: https://www.ijism.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJISM_655_Final.pdf
Sanusi, K.A., Hassan, M.S., Abbas, M.A., & Kura, A.M. (2017). Assessment of heavy metals contamination of soil and water around abandoned Pb-Zn mines in Yelu, Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 4 (5):72-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15739/irjpeh.17.010
Singh, A., Sharma, A., Verma, R. K., Chopade, R. L., Pandit, P. P.., Nagar, V., Vinay, A., Sumit, K. C., Garima, A., Kumud, K. A.S., & Sankhla, M. (2022). Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms. IntechOpen. 12(1):23-34.
Touliabah, H.E., El-Sheekh, M.M., Ismail, M.M., & El-Kassas, H. A. (2022). Review of Microalgae- and Cyan bacteria-Based Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Molecules. 27(3):1141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031141
Tukur, U. A., Hajj O.M. S., & Wang, M. (2017). Causes and consequences of crude oil pipeline vandalism in the Niger delta region of Nigeria: A confirmatory factor analysis approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1):1-6. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1353199
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2020). Country Analysis Executive Summary: Nigeria, Independent Statistics and Analysis. 1(2):1-10. Retrieved From: https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Nigeria/NigeriaCAXS_2020.pdf
Ukaogo, P.O., Ewuzie, U., & Onwuka, C. V. (2020).Environmental pollution: causes, effects, and the remedies. Elsevier. 1(1): 419-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00021-8
Ukwenya, J.U., Vantsawa, P.A., Dikwa, K.B., Effiong, T.E., Bitrus, S., Bello, O., Abdullahi, R., & Abdulkadir, J. (2023). Determination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals content of water samples from domestic and Kaduna River in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna state. Science World Journal. 18(2):315-119. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/arseam/Downloads/ajol-file-journals_413_articles_251774_64c150877dbed.pdf

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