ABSTRACT                                                               

Fistula in ano is a common condition that occurs due to inadequate drainage or spontaneous bursting of a perianal abscess. It often recurs after best of surgery usually because of infection that was missed at surgery. Preoperative imaging can help identification of infection that would have otherwise gone unidentified. In particular, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings have been considered to influence surgery and markedly diminish the chance of recurrence according recent reports but in countries like India this is not possible for common patients to afford MR imaging because of cost effectiveness and availability of MRI equipment at common centres. Therefore, still fistulography is commonly used for preoperative imaging of fistula in ano. In this article fistula in ano and its imaging techniques are described, with an emphasis on fistulography by Deshpande technique.