ABSTRACT
Aim of the study: The study's objective is to thermally activate bentonite clay and use it as an absorbent in the elimination of industrial waste water's methylene blue color and to carry out the kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the absorption process.
Methodology: Bentonite clay was collected from Sabon Kauran Pindiga, Gombe State, Nigeria; Akko Local Government Area. The sample dried at 105 degrees in an oven degrees Celsius after being repeatedly cleaned with distilled water. The dried sample was characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA and FT-IR. Kinetics studies were tested using two models; Friendlylich and Langmuir. Parameters related to thermodynamics like ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo were computed for the process.
Findings: FTIR The spectra revealed the existence of distinct peaks at 1075.71 cm-1, suggesting that the bands at 492.05 and 479.91 cm-1 are caused by Deformation vibrations of Al-O-Si and Si-O-Si. Regarding the stretching vibrations of Si-O groups, the couple The band at is caused by vibrations of Al-O and Si-out of plane O. 536.16. SEM showed irregular spherical, partially broken and flake-like surface morphology. XRF showed the percentage concentration of silicon dioxide in bentonite (52.94%), while Al2O3 is 33.31%. XRD also showed the average particles size of 62.64nm of bentonite. TGA showed high mass loss at a temperature 100 -250◦C, and smaller mass loss at the range of 580-650◦C. The thermally activated bentonite clay demonstrated good dye removal properties with optimum efficacy of 93.0%. The dye adsorption by activated bentonite fitted well with Langmuir model (R2= 0.998). The kinetic study showed good correlation with a rate law of second-order pseudo-structure. These results suggest that the dyeing method adsorption by bentonite was spontaneous and endothermic an indication that the thermally activated bentonite could serve as a suitable wastewater treatment substance for methyl orange dye removal in the textile industry.
Practical Implications: The thermally activated bentonite could be applied in the removal of dyes form water polluted with dyes.
Originality/ value: This work is originally conducted in the laboratory and can serve as a possible absorbent for dye removal.
Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption studies, Bentonite clay, Kinetics, Methyl Orange Dye, Thermal Activation
Paper type: Research Paper
